The second kata is called Tensho, meant to teach the student about the soft style of the system. Major emphasis is given to breathing correctly in all of the kata but particularly in the Sanchin kata which is one of two core kata of this style. Gōjū-ryū incorporates both circular and linear movements into its curriculum, combining hard striking attacks such as kicks and close hand punches with softer open hand circular techniques for attacking, blocking, and controlling the opponent, including joint locks, grappling, takedowns, and throws. Gō, which means hard, refers to closed hand techniques or straight linear attacks jū, which means soft, refers to open hand techniques and circular movements. Both principles, hard and soft, come from the famous martial arts book used by Okinawan masters during the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bubishi ( Chinese: 武備志 pinyin: Wǔbèi Zhì). Gōjū-ryū ( 剛柔流), Japanese for "hard-soft style", is one of the main traditional Okinawan styles of karate, featuring a combination of hard and soft techniques.
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